What type of reflux is defined as retrograde venous flow from the groin to the calf?

Axial reflux refers to the retrograde flow of blood in the veins, specifically from areas such as the groin to the calf. This type of reflux typically originates in the main venous trunks, like the femoral vein, and flows downward through major veins and their tributaries. This condition is significant in the assessment of venous insufficiency, as it indicates that there is malfunctioning in the valves that normally prevent blood from flowing backward under the influence of gravity.

The presence of axial reflux helps to diagnose chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and can lead to symptoms such as swelling, pain, and varicosities in the lower extremities. Understanding axial reflux is crucial for treatment planning, as it may require interventions such as endovenous laser therapy or surgical strategies to address the underlying issues.